Australia uses the Learner Approved Motorcycle Scheme (LAMS) — a list of approved lower-power bikes for new riders. Learners must hold an L plate for 3–12 months (varies by state) before progressing to a Provisional licence, then a full licence. However, unlike the UK's A1/A2/A system, there is no intermediate power restriction after the provisional stage — riders can move to any engine size after completing their provisional period. The absence of an A2-equivalent tier means riders can access 200bhp+ superbikes within 2–3 years of first riding. Australia's motorcycle VMT rate of 31.2 deaths per billion VMT is the highest of the six countries tracked here.

Australia pioneered random breath testing (RBT) in the 1970s and it remains one of the most effective road safety interventions ever implemented. Police can stop any driver at any time for a breath test without needing cause. The 0.05% BAC limit (lower than the US and UK England/Wales) and high testing volumes — millions of tests per year — have driven drink-driving fatalities to historically low levels. Alcohol is involved in roughly 20% of Australian road deaths, down from over 40% in the 1970s.

Australia's road network spans a continent, with long stretches of remote highway between population centres. The Stuart Highway, Nullarbor Plain, and Outback Queensland routes involve hundreds of kilometres of undivided road with wildlife hazards (kangaroos, wombats), no mobile coverage, and extreme heat. Driver fatigue is a major factor in rural fatalities. The Royal Flying Doctor Service provides emergency medical response in remote areas, but response times can be hours.

Australian states have deployed extensive fixed and mobile speed camera networks. Victoria and New South Wales operate point-to-point (average speed) cameras on major highways, which are highly effective at reducing speeding. Speed-related deaths account for roughly 30% of Australian fatalities. However, rural roads — where cameras are sparse — account for a disproportionate share of speed-related deaths. The Northern Territory only introduced a permanent speed limit (130 km/h) on the Stuart Highway in 2007.

Australia's freight network relies heavily on road transport, with road trains (triple-trailer trucks) operating on major outback highways. Heavy vehicle crashes account for a disproportionate share of rural fatalities. The National Heavy Vehicle Regulator (NHVR) oversees fatigue management and vehicle standards, but enforcement on remote routes is challenging. Head-on collisions between cars and heavy vehicles on undivided highways are a significant cause of fatalities.

Australian cities have relatively good pedestrian infrastructure in CBDs and inner suburbs, but outer suburban and regional areas often lack footpaths and safe crossings. The pedestrian death rate (163 in 2022) is low in absolute terms but reflects Australia's relatively low pedestrian mode share — most Australians drive rather than walk for transport. As active travel increases in cities, pedestrian infrastructure investment has become a policy priority.